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The piezoelectric effect refers to a change in electric polarization that is produced in certain materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) when they are subjected to mechanical stresses. They will also work in reverse, generating a strain by the application of an electric field.

 

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THE AVAILABILTY OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS IS ENORMOUS:

 

- Naturally occurring crystals: Of the 32 types of crystals that exist in nature, 21 have piezoelectric capacity naturally and another 10 crystals have piezoelectric properties after being subjected to a polarization process.

 

- Other natural materials: Different biological materials.

 

- Synthetic crystals and Synthetic ceramics:

 

 

 

 

- Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14)

- Gallium Orthophosphate (GaPO4)

- Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3)

- Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3)

- Barium Titanate (BaTiO3)

- Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

- Potassium Niobate

- Sodium Tungstate

- Sodium Potassium Niobate

- Bismuth Ferrite

- Sodium Niobate

- Bismuth Titanate

- And others.

 

 

Direct piezoelectric effect

- Group III–V and II–VI semiconductors.

 

- Polymers: Polyvinylidene Fuoride (PVDF).

 

- Organic nanostructures.